Bordeaux mixture preparation

The formulation below is to make 10 liters, to make other quantities just keep the proportions between the ingredients. The "bordeaux mixture", calda bordalesa, is made of a dissolution of copper sulphate and lime water.

a) Dissolution of copper sulphate(1 liter):

The day before and four hours before the mixture’s preparation, dissolve the copper sulfate. Pour 100 g of copper sulfate within a cotton cloth, tie and dive into a plastic container with 1 liter of warm water;

b) Lime water:

Pour 100 g of lime in a bucket of 10 liters capacity. Then add 9 liters of water slowly.

c) Mixing of the two ingredients:
Add gradually and always stirring, the copper sulphate solution (1 litre) into the lime water bucket.

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d) Test of the knife:

To see if the final mixture is not acidic, we dive a clean knife made of common steel for 3 minutes in the final mixture.

If the blade is dirty, which means it acquired a brown color when removed from the mixture, indicates that the solution is acidic. It should be added more lime in the mix, but if not dirty, the “bordeaux mixture”(calda bordalesa) is ready to use.

Sowing coriander

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Each region has its most appropriate time, but it is recommended to be done in the early spring. Sowing should be programmed so that the harvest does not coincide with periods of heavy rain, which damages the crop. You should avoid sowing on the winter period, mainly due to the risk of frost. For crops in commercial scale due to rapid ripening of fruit, it is suggested that seeding must be carried out gradually, in steps. Avoid harvesting the entire cultivated area being performed only once, because it cause losses during harvesting. If you don’t do so, the dry mature seeds fall into the soil, reducing the yield.

Preventing fungus attack

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The potatoes are really pretty now. About two years ago we weren't cautious and the potatoes foliage was attacked by the mildew and all the harvest was burnt.

This year we are being very cautious. We already have give them twice the bordeaux mixture (portuguese "calda bordalesa") which is a natural fungicide, made from copper sulphate and slaked lime, to prevent the attack of fungus, specially the mildew.

First meal of broad beans

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Yesterday I had my first meal of broad beans (fava beans) of the first broad beans harvest. Nothing like a meal of fresh broad beans from which we can feel them full of taste. Of course we usually freeze them to have full year of eating, but like any kind of food if it's fresh it tastes much better. It's a vegetable we really like because it gives us a good feeling of being well fed. The sowing was not different from the potatoes, they were sown just before the potatoes, in the last half of November, and in the same way. Even the fava bean seem to be more stronger against diseases than the potatoes and more stronger against the frost. The only problem now is they are too tall and the wind is taking them down. The lucky thing is that they already have pass the "flower" stage and they all already have at least little fava beans. It doesn't seem we would take much advantage from putting stakes into the ground at this time, now that were waiting for more two weeks to take the full harvest. 

Want to read about seeding potatoes?

So read and enjoy the following article

Preparing potatoes for seed

Organic fertilizer

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The soil organic matter results mainly from vegetable waste, although the animal remains contribute significantly in its composition. Thus cattle, microorganisms from the terrain, insects and man himself, directly or indirectly, participate in the decomposition of plant residues and their distribution through the layers of soil. For this and other reasons, we find plots with different levels of organic matter. These levels reach the maximum in peaty soils and down to the minimum value in desert soils. Manure is what is most precious on a farm.

Our garden is very well fed with organic fertilizer, most of it is manure. It is bought always in the same place because we trust on that person. It is important that the manure is of good quality to avoid diseases and have a good harvest. It comes always with many earthworms which is very good for your soil, a soil with earthworms means it has life and it breaths. Only one thing the seller told us, is that there are some plant roots inside the manure which are bad for the soil. That is because that kind of plant roots are not digested by the animals. To solve that problem, while we distribute the manure on the garden we are checking for the roots and we take them off and leave it in the garbage because it's not useful even for waste compound.

Hydrangea

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Known by the name hydrangea or hortênsia, it is native from Japan an China but now is cultivated as an ornamental plant in all temperate and subtropical regions. There are different species presenting blue flowers or pink ones depending on the soil PH, in acid soils there are blue flowers but in alkaline soils are pink ones. My hydrangeas are pink so it means the soil is alkaline. You can have a multicolored field of hyndrageas (hortênsias) if you control the ph of soil in different areas. Hydrangea can be shade or semi-shade plant. It is very difficult to have beautiful hydrangeas on a dry environment, hydrangeas only can survive on a hot and sunny climate if it has high humidity. Attention to winters too, they can't be too cold, temperatures lower the -3ºC the hydrangeas can freeze and burn because of it. They can recover just with a heavy pruning. In colder environments we can protect the stems with leaves wrapped in plastic from the late spring frosts. Thankfully in Portugal, this winter wasn't too cold and it was full of rain so we'll have beautiful hydrangeas because the well is full too for the summer.

Preparing potatoes for seed

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Potatoes are tubers developed after sown mature potatoes.They're called stem tubers because tops or sides of the tuber produce shoots that grow into typical stems and leaves and the under sides produce roots. If the mature potato produces with more than one shoot it can be separated into pieces, each piece may be able to give rise to a new plant. The mature potato is used as storage for starches, proteins, and other nutrients by the plant. These nutrients become useful for the plant when new shoots must be formed or when the plant dies back for the winter. This is a process known as vegetative reproduction and is used by farmers and gardeners to propagate certain plants. The mature potatoes are first prepared before going under soil. They're placed in dry and light environment to germinate previously. After germinate the ones which have more then two shoots and they're big enough are separated. The reason why it's better they have to be big to be separated is because they have to handle some cold when they're seed at the end of winter.

Parsley beneficts

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When the Summer arrives and we all want to go outside, for meals in the garden, with salads, soups and herbs that can turn beautiful any dish. Many times we neglect the nutritional value of some green food as parsley.

It has powerful properties as it is a strong diuretic don't give suficient value to the treatment of fluid retention, rheumatism, gout, bladder infections and gallstones, is regulating menses and relieves spasms.

While in the other hand it stimulates the production of breast milk and tones the muscles of the uterus. It is very relaxing, relieving depression and fatigue in menopause. It helps relieving flatulence and colic. For the colic in children, you give them a slight infusion of the leaves which you give them to drink two or three scoops after meals.